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Mas unkepts pecking enounce of Needs by Bob Poston, cst An turn in Personal Exploration Mas meeks power structure of indispens efficacyfully is a priceless respectment with either that is used in m on the whole divergent professions, contributionicularly those in the palms of education and health c atomic number 18. the bringing close togethers of postulate be lead in order, as the eubstance resolves the most basic invitefully for survival before moving on to to a greater extent(prenominal) than complex c all in all for. M ny educational programs in the health cargon field teach Mas paltrys power structure in order to appeal the reserve of patient roles and where they argon in their life-time from a psychological perspective, al unmatch open because it helps identify and address the unavoidably of those sidetrackicular patients. The whim of using a power structure pyramid helps us to bewilder out the stages of involve, starting with the base of the pyramid, which boldnesss at physiologic ineluctably. As we work our delegacy up the pyramid, the inevitably start to interchange declare more(prenominal) than than complex, and include asylum enquires, run awayer ask, toy with involve, and finally, at the real top, we consider self-actualization.This member explores the theories of Abraham Maslow in detail, as s sound as addresses the contr e genuinelywheresies that start out been queryed in his theory. This article leave al mavin too evaluate the affect of these theories on adult male carriage and assess each of the components beard in spite of appearance Maslows hierarchy Pyramid. learning OBJec tives s identify the assorted aims of Maslows Hierarchy of invites s Comp be and contrast the differences between world unavoidably and shortage needs s explain the process of selfactualization s break d suffer how Maslows Hierarchy of needs impacts patient cargonBiographical outline Born on Apri l 1, 1908, in Brooklyn, peeled York, Abraham Maslow was the start-off of s take down pincerren. 1 The son of under-educated Jewish immigrants, Maslow didnt realise many friends as a boy c atomic number 18 s Consider the challenges to Maslows theories and stick a response 2009 companionship of working(a) Technologists For reprintinging authority emailprotected org AUGUST 2009 the running(a) railroad engineer 347 diet and play, they would in more cases choose the viands. The analogous was straight when it came to the monkeys excerption between piss and food.The weewee would unendingly be chosen as the Self preliminaryity over food. Self-fulfullment actualization needs achieving ones As the observations continued, a full potential, number emerged. Maslow could see, on including cr fertiliseive a physiologic leave, that if the monactivities keys didnt concur food, tho had water, attentiveness needs the group was less predatory than prestige and feeling of accomplishment mental those that had the water unsayn away needs Belongingness and love needs from them. 1 The same held true with intimate relationships, friends guard needs.If all of the physiologi condom needs cal needs were met, whence the monkeys bail, estimablety Basic behavior became more lumbering when needs Physiological needs it came to designateing tender roles and food, water, fondness, rest dominance. Maslow subsequent transitioned this stem over to human behavior and was able to gear up physiologic needs over minor, but found his reason of self by reading books. He safety needs, safety needs over belongness needs, belongbegan his college journey by attending City College of New ingness needs over esteem needs, and esteem needs.The York, and later transferred to Cornell University, before needs, in turn, excogitate the first quaternion components of the pyragoing O.K. to City College of New York. After realizing a mid, and ar addressed as shortfa ll needs. Self-actualization, keen amour in psychology, he propeld to Wisconsin, where the twenty percent component, addresses the need of macrocosmness, which he studied at the University of Wisconsin. Throughout defines ones throw piazza in the universe. the 1930s, Maslow earned his BA, MA and PhD. Later, When an approximatelyone does non leave exuberant of both(prenominal)thing, he returned to New York, where he non only taught full he or she has a deficit, ultimately creating what Maslow has time at Brooklyn College, but he besides became fire in termed deficit needs. 1 When someone(a)s eat and drink, human sexuality. for example, the need for water and food is met, so thither Maslow served as death chair of the Department of Psy- is no thirster a motivating factor to obtain water or food, chology at Brandeis from 1951-61. While on that range, he met and the deficit need has temporarily been satisfied. shortage a well- establish researcher named Kurt Golds tein, who needs comprise or refer up the four disgrace components of gear uped the idea of self-actualization. This c formerlyit Maslows pecking order pyramid. fascinated Maslow, and it was wear thine this supposition that he On the new(prenominal) hand, Maslow overly mentions the idea of pursued the idea of humanistic psychology, which he ulti universe needs. universe needs give nonhing to do with deficit mately apprised more than his birth research.Maslow died needs. Being needs atomic number 18 internal, and atomic number 18 at the in truth top of on June 8, 1970. 1 Maslows power structure pyramid, which ties into self-actualization. 2 An example here might be drawing ones own conclucreating the power structure of needs sions of where and who he or she is spiritually. This internal Abraham Maslow is well known for the fundament of the pattern is addressed as self-actualization. hierarchy of needs. The way he came up with this idea The following sections of this article leave address each was by studying and detect monkeys.During observa direct of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs in more detail in an tion, he noticed that they displayed a very grotesque pattern effort to see how they keep to mortals, and how they of behavior that addressed priorities based on man-to-man force out define who and where an someone is in his or her life. needs. If, for example, the monkeys had a natural selection between FIGURE 1 MASLOWS HIERARCHY PYRAMID 348 the operative railroad engineer AUGUST 2009 2009 Association of functional Technologists For reprint permit emailprotected orgPHYSIOLOGICAL call for With so many different capabilities, from the regulation of temperature and endocrine glands to the processing of water, food and the elimination of waste, the living corpse is the most unique machine in the universe. disrespect its relative fragility, the human be cigarette live for many geezerhood. Every one detail is so integral, from how the body processes pillow slip O through millions and millions of tissue cells, to the thousands of miles of arteries that carry melodic line and nutrients to those tissues. With this cosmos said, on that specify is still the need to meet the very basic essentials of ife the body mustiness take on oxygen, water and food. Before any further harvest-tide throw out take place, this very basic need has to be met. This is what Maslow addresses as a physiological needthe need for the body to work in unison to accomplish the task of basic survival. Physiological needs are charmd loosely through the cravings that we have a bun in the oven. If a person is thirsty, he or she finds a drinking fountain. Similarly, if the several(prenominal) is hungry, he or she provide find food. If the body is world deprived of oxygen, it will surely react. If there is a vitamin deficiency, the body has subtle ship canal of fulfilling that need.One example of how the body regulates itself on a physiological level is by homeostasis. Homeostasis alone means to regulate. A part of the human brain, called the hypothalamus, plays an important role in tutelage the body regulated by tyrannical the bodys thermostat, which is controlled by the sprain of several hormones called gonadotropins. If a female produces too a lot estrogen, the hypothalamus give aways a hormone called luteinizing hormone that triggers ovulation, and then acting bid a shut-off switch for the amount of estrogen present.If the thyroidal gland produces too much thyroxin, the hypothalamus produces a hormone to switch off the lam of the thyroxin. These are Throughout life, the idea of physiological needs remains consistent. The need to nurse adequate physiological sleep will always be essential well(p) a few examples of homeostasis at work, however, there are many circulatory hormones that are needed to maintain normal corporeal functions. An other prime example is the release of the fight or fli ght hormones that are secreted by the adrenal medulla of the adrenal glands.If there is a need for the body to defend itself, these hormones will surge into do to prepare the body for fight or flight. These hormones, although they play an important role, are unplowed in compliance by restrictive mechanisms at heart the brain. 3 Throughout life, the idea of physiological needs remains consistent. The need to maintain adequate physiological balance will always be essential, and whitethorn kick into action in very different ways at various different times, whether the privates experiencing it are aware of it or not.For example, how would anyone ever get a sizable shadows sleep if they had to literally think close to their breathing pattern, magnetic core rate or blood bosom on a conscious level? Sure some hatful whitethorn have to get up during the night to use the restroom or assume a glass of water, but look on that this is all part of how the body regulates itself. The judgment that physiological needs tie into other, more complex needs of the hierarchy is very relevant. Maslow The basic principles of Maslows hierarchy have been observed in primates. 2009 Association of running(a) Technologists For reprint permission emailprotected rg AUGUST 2009 the surgical technologist 349 Again, this need will change depending on where an individual is in his or her life. For a young child, approvalseeking behaviors whitethorn extend more commonplace. The child whitethorn operate in activities to get his or her parents circumspection by exploring or asking loads of questions. In a backbone, the child needs to feel an emotional or accessible connection with SAFET Y NEEDS his or her parents. As the child evolves into a teenager, he Much like physiological needs require sustenance throughout life, so does the need to feel sterilise.This need is or she will more than presumable wrick more well-disposedly active in more psychological. With that u niverse said, safety needs may look groups. Generally, any(prenominal) gets reinforced, supported, be different for each individual, depending on where he or or accepted by these peer groups will often dress which type of group the adolescent will affiliate him or herself she is in life. For a child, this need may indorse as the need with. This idea can be noticed at any point throughout an individuals life. Safety needs may be different for each individual, depending on As youths ature into adulthood, they tend to affiliate with those indiwhere he or she is in life. For a child, this need may manifest as viduals or groups who accept them. A sense or a need to belong, at any the need for a safe family environment. There has to be security stage, is influenced by several factors. in the home, with heat energy and love. Some of these influences, for example, are socio-economic influences the education level of parents and family, 4 the region in which the child grows up and the t ype for a safe family environment.There has to be security in the home, with warmth and love. When a family is dysfunc- of schools where they are educated, as well as the children tional, it makes it difficult for that child to become up to the who attend those schools. Whatever type of behavior is learned and accepted, based on these variables, is likely the next level of neighborly needs because alarm is often present. For adults, this need may be economic in nature. If a behavior that will spring a particular individuals character person loses his or her job, for example, fear and anxiety and vanity.The level of belonging must be established because of its will have an impact on that persons social life, and may effect on ones self-esteem. If the level of belonging in the cause him or her to glide by. 5 Additionally, adults are not hierarchy role model is low, or an individual is viewed disconfirmingly repellent to the need of safety. In some move of the world, where the re is chaos, mountain are stuck at this level of need- by peers in that group, he or she may develop social anxiety ing to feel safe. The goal of consistently meeting the need for and may recall toward a level of people in which he or safety is to have stability in ones life.It is the idea of being she fits in socially. If a child grows up in a neighborhood able to walk vindicatory about the block at night without the problem of where there are street gangs, and attends schools in that being mugged. It is the idea of feeling secure in the work- neighborhood with the families of those street gangs, because place. It is conclusive that fear hinders ones ability to move the likeliness of the child to adapt and take on that breed of character be gains more likely. According to Maslow, the on to the more advanced programmes of Maslows pyramid. eason for this behavioral pattern is likely collectible to the peer groups that the child grew up with. BELONGING NEEDS This is not mea nt to imply that all children who grow up Advancing up the hierarchy pyramid, the next level reprein this type of neighborhood will join a gang, simply that sents the need to belong on a social level. The social level generally becomes the priority only after the physiological there is a high likelihood of that outcome. On the other and safety needs have been enoughly met and maintained. and, if a child is brought up in a more affluent neighborhood, it is likely that the parents will also be more educated. A sense of belonging can be mat when an individual becomes more rivet on the desire to build relationships with others. In this scenario, it is more likely that the child will develop This includes the desire for a romantic partner, to have close and adapt to the peer groups in which education is more of a priority. The influence in a childs upbringing starts friends, and maybe to get get hitched with and have children. 1 elieved that once the physiological needs are met in s ufficient detail, people move on to address these more complex needs. Safety and security make up the next platform of the pyramid. 350 the surgical technologist AUGUST 2009 2009 Association of Surgical Technologists For reprint permission emailprotected org with a home and family that secures the previous levels of Maslows hierarchy by meeting and maintaining the seat levels of needs. Relieving any anxiety or fear will help put more strain on social development, and with this will come a healthier self-esteem.ESTEEM NEEDS once the needs of physiology, safety and belonging have been met, the individual will now move on to the needs of their self-esteem. self-assertion, like all the prior needs, must also be maintained. This is the highest platform in the category of deficit needs. 1 The process of growth, when addressing ones self-esteem, builds the bridge to ones awareness. Self-esteem begins to establish itself in life as early as age two. Maslows hierarchy addresses two le vels of self-esteem. One of those is a trim back level and the other is a higher(prenominal) level.Maslows hierarchy is a two-way street. A person can spend a lifetime traveling between the two extremes. The lower form of self-esteem is at once related to an individuals ego, meaning that there is a satisfying need to be see by others. 4 Within this lower form, the individual still remains focused on acceptance by others. This lower form of self-esteem is met when an individual has established a level of status, recognition, fame, reputation and appreciation, just to name a few. These rural areas in a persons life take work to maintain.They may also require some reinforcement or institution of some kind in order for this lower form of self-esteem to be maintained. The higher form of self-esteem that Maslow addresses is that of self-respect. This higher form of self-esteem requires less maintenance because through accomplishment, it becomes a permanent part of who the individua l is. We can say that once a person has gained respect for himself or herself, it is much harder to lose that respect or to have it taken away. People on the higher end of selfesteem generally like who they are.The idea of say-so in ability, the triumph of something, or the competence that is established in what these people do, supports this higher form of self-esteem. These forms of self-esteem should not be confused with an individual having high or low self-esteem. Individuals with low self-esteem often have a low opinion of themselves and their self-image. As a result, inferiority complexes are present in the individual. With this idea in mind, Maslow contends that the majority of peoples psychological problems are due to low self-esteem.The realism here is that if a person dont like himself or herself, or who he or she is or what he or she has accomplished, then that person will be more critical of himself or herself. Through that process, negative self talk is born, and can attain a barrier to achieving ad hominem success. How does low self-esteem impact these lower and higher forms of selfesteem in general? If an individual has low self-esteem, the lower form of self-esteem affects the individual on a social level. The individual may, for example, constantly attempt to seek or validate feedback and acceptance on a social level from his or her peers.With adherence to the higher form of selfesteem, in the individual with low selfesteem may display a lack of respect for himself or herself and the expectations that they place upon themselves would be unrealistic, or perhaps in some cases these expectations would be placed by others rather than being placed by the individuals themselves. It is amazing that all of the prior needs within Maslows hierarchy, including physiological, safety, and even belongingness needs are frequently met, especially in modern indian lodge and developed countries.Imagine if more people just had a humble respect for themse lves in the grand aim of things. 2009 Association of Surgical Technologists For reprint permission emailprotected org AUGUST 2009 the surgical technologist 351 THE tilt As we take a look at Abraham Maslows hierarchy pyramid, there is some controversy as to how it relates directly to humanistic psychology. Is there enough order to support this hierarchy when it comes right fling off to how people develop emotionally?Maslow quite a little forth with the notion that these stages along Self-actualizers are focused on what events most in formation the course of development contact up with how people experience psychowho they are. in one case self-respect is gained, the individual can take logical growth. The primary contention is that a more proactive approach to bettering themselves, as well as anyone in society can regress back to, being able to remain focused on resolving any dilemmas or value an alternative aspect of the hierarchy pyramid in a way that is not parallel wit h Maslows model.For example, some cultures may be more fixated on belongto determine out, or it can be the determine factor of how well ing over safety, or esteem over belonging. 5 To react these he or she is connected with his or her self and abilities. People who are self-actualizers are focused on what challenges, many experts opine that Abraham Maslows matters most in defining who they are. at one time self-respect is hierarchy doesnt always follow in order with how it gained, the individual can take a more proactive approach was intended.If the notion of self-esteem, for example, is thought to develop in children as early as two years of age, to bettering themselves, as well as being able to remain focused on resolving any dilemmas that may cram get wording then why does Maslow address esteem needs so high up in the deficit stages. Self-actualizers may be more generative in the hierarchy pyramid? Humanistic psychology does challenge some of these notions, even though Mas low was a the sense that the focus is no longer as much about pleasbeliever in humanistic psychology. ng others as it is bounteous back or sharing this part of who Another oft-challenged aspect of his work is that Maslow they are. 6 In other aspects, it can also appear to be spiritual. himself defined self-actualizers as people of great accomLooking at ones life as to who he or she is in the universe is a good example. erstwhile a person is able to come to hurt plishment, such as former presidents, dignitaries and great discoverers. With that being said, it is very difficult to place with who they are, and they are ultimately satisfied with an emphasis on the concept of self-actualization.How sigthat, then they have rattling reached the point of being able nificant is the concept of the self-actualizer? The only way to self-actualize. With this level of misgiving comes a sense of peace, which that to answer that question is to say that all people are at in turn serves as a mo tivator to focus on more advanced different stages of development, and all of them are selftasks in life, such as supporting the moral and ethical stan- actualizers in some form. SELF-ACTUALIzATION Self-actualization is defined by Maslow as the single component of being within the hierarchy model.Being, in this sense, means not being a part of the deficit needs as they appear within the lower chain of the hierarchy. 1 This need is independentthere must be some accomplishment of all the other deficit needs, which are best defined as what we appear to be, according to the standards of society. Selfactualization is the internal dialogue that everyone establishes at some point in their lives. In order to do that, there must be some establishment or satisfaction of the prior needs. Once all of the previous needs have been met, an individual can direct his or her focus toward a true calling.Usually when a person is hungry, or they dont feel safe, or they feel unloved, the focal point lean s towards resolving those issues, therefore disrupting the focus on self-actualizing. With self-actualization, being able to pinpoint how one truly feels about something is often a little more challenging dards in life. There is a more in-depth focus on bettering oneself and expanding ones knowledge and talents. The real exposition to self-actualizing is getting to know oneself, while being okay and unconditionally accepting of whatever it is that he or she discovers.The question every individual must face is, do you like and accept who you are? Once that question is answered, then self-respect is gained. Once an individual establishes that respect for his or herself, no one can take that away. In this context, Abraham Maslow is justified in establishing self-actualization in a category by itself that quantifies the need of being separately from the need of deficit. 352 the surgical technologist AUGUST 2009 2009 Association of Surgical Technologists For reprint permission emailp rotected org verview When looking at Maslows hierarchy pyramid, an important concept to take to be is that anyone at anytime can regress back to any point within the hierarchy structure that Maslow addresses. How does this impact human behavior? Looking back at the very basics of physiological needs for example, people need to feel good. It does not matter if a person is employed as a janitor or a top-notch cardiac surgeon, if he or she is diagnosed with a ailment that impacts them physically, he or she is likely to regress back towards satisfying any physiological needs that may come about.The modify individuals attitude towards the medical prognosis of this disease will likely fetch towards a shift in his or her priorities. Emotionally, the feelings of love and belonging may be impacted in the sense that they may want to ensure that their loved ones are safe when they pass. With regard to esteem, for some, there may be a great sense of loss, while others may come to terms wit h the fact. With that being said, there are circle that affect each individual with regard to where he or she stands in the hierarchy pyramid. Is everyone a self-actualizer? Yes. For each individual, this experience is different.It is experienced at different depths depending on individual life experiences. The more in hint one is with ones upcountry self, the better he or she can control, and often master, ones self-talk. It is also important to remember that all individuals are constantly impacted by the forces of life, some of which are far beyond personal control. When the opportunity arises to experience this hierarchy, and the needs of deficit are fully met, it allows the individual to make a closer connection with the concept of self-actualization. Also, when these deficit needs are met, self-actualization, in a sense, is likely to become even more enhanced.The bottom line is that everyone is accomplished emotionally at every level of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. If early l ife experiences as a child are corroboratory, and needs are being met, that individual will outgo in the area of self-confidence and self-esteem at much faster rate. It helps to establish a strong radix for life. Later, the individual is able to establish a much stronger set of grapple mechanisms when one of the deficit needs isnt being met. Additionally, when adverse circumstances live the individual, he or she is often better-equipped with the ability to problem solve and confront the challenge confidently.Conversely, if early life experiences as a child are negative, and needs are not met, that individuals foundation isnt as secure, and he or she is not as likely to excel in selfconfidence and self-esteem, rather, he or she is likely to get trapped a state of constantly seeking approval from peers. He or she may develop a fear of making mistakes. The majority move somewhere in between what is positive in life and what is negative. Ultimately, individuals who develop a stron g, well-established foundation are likely to be emotionally strong and can run a stronger sense of self control.Those whose foundation is shaky and not very static will focus more on protecting it, therefore having less confidence in that foundation. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Robert A Poston, cst has been a surgical technologist since 1993. He began his work in education with Concorde locomote College in North Hollywood, California in 1997. He has been a guest verbaliser with the California State Assembly of Surgical Technologists in 2001 and 2003. Robert Poston is currently the Program take for Surgical Technology at Everest College in Thornton, Colorado. He has also served as an specific writer for the National Certification interrogatory for Surgical Technology.RefeRences 1. Boeree, George C. Abraham Maslow, 1908-1970. Personality Theories. 2006. Available at http//webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/maslow. html. Accessed 4/9/2009. 2. BambooWeb Dictionary. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. 200 9. Available at http//www. bambooweb. com/articles/m/a/Maslows_hierarchy_of_needs. html. Accessed 4/9/2009. 3. Applegate, Edith. The Anatomy and Physiology development System. 2000. p 214-215. 4. Drinnien, Beverly Irwin, Donald Simons, Janet. PsychologyThe Search for Understanding. atomic number 74 Publishing Company. New York. 1987. Available at http//honolulu. awaii. edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/ teachtip/maslow. htm. Accessed 4/9/2009. 5. NetMBA Business intimacy Center. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. 2007. Available at http//www. netmba. com/mgmt/ob/motivation/maslow/. Accessed 4/9/2009. 6. Van Wagner, Kendra. Self-Actualization and the Hierarchy of Needs. 2009. Available at http//psychology. about. com/od/theoriesofpersonality/a/ hierarchyneeds_2. htm. Accessed 4/9/2009. 2009 Association of Surgical Technologists For reprint permission emailprotected org AUGUST 2009 the surgical technologist 353